Freshwater gold clam
The freshwater gold clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a pest that can harm Australia’s rivers and lakes. It grows and spreads quickly, sending tiny baby clams (larvae) far through flowing water.
This clam can block pipes and water systems, harm native species, and disrupt natural ecosystems. Once it’s in a river or lake, it’s nearly impossible to remove.
The freshwater gold clam was first found in the Brisbane River in 2023. It has now spread through more than 70 km of the river. The Queensland government are keeping a close watch to understand how far it’s gone and how to manage it.
National guidelines have been created to help us work together to stop this pest. You can read them here: National guidelines for the management of Corbicula fluminea
Reporting
If you think you have seen a freshwater gold clam in NSW, please take several clear, high-resolution photos of the clam. For identification, we need to see the:
- Clam size – please include something for reference (e.g. a coin)
- Shell shape and markings – in particular the ridges on the shell
- Shell colour
Please report via the 24 hour EAD Hotline and send photos to aquatic.biosecurity@dpird.nsw.gov.au, along with details of when and where the clam was seen.
Identification
Key features
- Has a thick yellowish-brown to black shell
- Grows up to 65 mm, but usually smaller (<25 mm)
- Juvenile shells oval-shaped, while adults become more triangular
- Distinct widely spaced ridges (7–14 per cm)
- Often found in dense clusters on sandy or gravelly riverbeds
- Shell interior may be purple
Known locations
- Recently detected for the first time in Australia in Brisbane River, Qld
Habitat
- Found in freshwater rivers, lakes, and dams
- Prefers sandy or gravelly substrates
- Often near water intakes, plants, or man-made structures
Vectors
- Illegal deliberate release
- Contaminated boats and fishing equipment
- Ballast and bilge water
- Use as live bait
Impacts
- Clogs pipes and water systems
- Outcompetes native clams
- Alters water quality and ecosystems
- Costs millions in infrastructure damage overseas
Similar native species
These native species may be confused with the freshwater gold clam. These species do not need to be reported.
Australian corbicula / Little mussel (Corbicula australis)
Key features
- Has a thinner, more oval shell
- Features finer ridges (25–32 per cm)
- Rarely exceeds 33 mm in size
Known locations
- NT, Qld, Vic, NSW, SA
Habitat
- Inland rivers and steams
- Often found in large numbers, living in sand, in shallow, flowing rivers