The European wasp (Vespula germanica) is an aggressive, introduced pest that has become established in many areas across NSW. It poses risks to people, pets and outdoor activities due to its painful sting and aggressive colony defence.
Key features of European wasps include:
- similar in size to a bee
- 12–16 mm in length (queens and males are larger at 17–20 mm long)
- bright yellow body with black triangle-shaped markings
- yellow legs
- two long black antennae
- wings folded when at rest.
Nuisance pest
European wasps are scavengers. They are attracted to sweet foods and meat and are commonly a nuisance at outdoor eating venues and barbeques. If left alone the European wasp is not aggressive to humans or other animals. If a European wasp is aggravated it may sting. Unlike the bee, a European wasp can sting multiple times. If a nest is disturbed, the wasps release a chemical which triggers the colony to defend the nest and attack the threat in large numbers.
First aid
- Remove the sting if visible (although European wasps don’t usually leave it behind).
- Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling and pain.
- Take antihistamines or use a topical cream for itching.
- If allergic or showing signs of anaphylaxis (e.g. difficulty breathing, facial swelling, dizziness), call 000 immediately and administer an EpiPen if available.
Colony behaviour
In spring European wasp queens leave their place of hibernation and search for suitable nest sites to establish a new nest. The first eggs laid hatch into workers. The workers take over the nest chores and build a nest from saliva mixed with wood fibres. A nest can grow over summer to the size of a football. The nest is often concealed underground or in a roof or wall cavity.
In autumn the queen lays eggs for the next generation of queens. Once hatched most queens leave the nest, mate and hibernate until spring.
Actions to minimise risks
To discourage wasps:
- Do not leave fallen fruit or food scraps lying around your property
- Avoid leaving uneaten pet food or dog bones outside
- Make sure rubbish bins have tight-fitting lids
- Keep compost covered at all times
- Keep your swimming pool covered when not in use
- Cover exposed food at picnics and barbeques
- Check drink cans or bottles before drinking from them.
- Use clear containers or a straw
Distribution in NSW
- European wasps are now widespread across NSW, particularly in urban and semi-rural areas.
- Most commonly found in coastal and inland towns, including Sydney, the Hunter Valley, Central Tablelands, Riverina, and North Coast regions.
- Favour areas with mild winters and access to food and water.
Spread
- Spread by mated queens in late autumn, who seek shelter over winter and establish new colonies in spring.
- Accidental spread can occur via transport of materials (e.g. soil, firewood, furniture).
- Their ability to nest in hidden and sheltered locations helps them thrive in urban environments.
- Public reporting and pest control help reduce their spread.