Sea surface temperatures (SST)

• The latest weekly values  reported by the Bureau of Meteorology for the three NINO indices in the tropical Pacific were: Relative Niño3 +1.17°C, Relative Niño3.4 +0.81°C, Relative Niño4 +0.76°C (as of 7 June 2026). The latest value can be found on the Bureau of Meteorology’s website.
• The figure shows the monthly sea surface temperatures anomalies for November (sourced from NOAA on 31 May 2026).

Persistent NINO3 or NINO3.4 values warmer than +0.8 °C are typical of El Niño, while persistent values cooler than −0.8 °C typically indicate La Niña.